Thursday 17 November 2016

SHORT ANSWERS - CULTURE AND IMPERIALISM BY EDWARD SAID

CULTURE AND IMPERIALISM 
 BY EDWARD SAID

(i) Who is Edward Said?
Ans. Edward Wadie Said (1 November 1935 - 25 September 2003) was Palestinian American literary theorist and public intellectual who helped found the critical-theory field of post-colonialism. 
(ii) Why is Edward Said famous?
Ans. As a cultural critic, Edward Said is famous for his book "Orientalism", one of the most influential scholarly books of the 20th century. He is also famous as the founder of the academic field of postcolonial studies. 
(iii) What are the nicknames of Edward Said?
Ans. The full name of Edward Said is "Edward Wadie Said". He has two famous nicknames; Ed Wadie and Ed Said
(iv) What is the source of 'Culture and Imperialism'?
Ans. "Culture and Imperialism" is indebted to Grasmsci in several respects, even if less obviously than The World, the Text and the Critic. Grasmsci unfinished essay on the southern question is one of Said's points of reference as a work that sets the stage for the critical attention given in the Prison Notebooks to the "territorial, spatial and geographical foundations of life."
(v) What is the main focus of Edward Said in 'Introduction to Culture and Imperialism'?
Ans. The main focus of Edward Said in "Introduction to Culture and Imperialism" is the modern Western empires of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He wants to describe a more general pattern of relationships between the modern metropolitan west and its overseas territories. His aim is to set works of art of the imperialist and post-colonial eras into their historical context. 
(vi) When was 'Culture and Imperialism' published?
Ans.  "Culture and Imperialism" is a collection of essays by Edward Said published in 1993. It followed his highly influential "Orientalism", published in 1978. 
(vii) What is the connection between 'Culture and Imperialism' and 'Orientalism'?
Ans. "Culture and Imperialism" is a collection of essays by Edward Said published in 1993. Said attempts to trace the connection between imperialism and culture in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. It followed his highly influential "Orientalism", published in 1978. Said conceived of "Culture and Imperialism" as an attempt to "expand the argument" of "Orientalism".
(viii) What are different attitudes towards culture according to Edward Said?
Ans. According to Edward there are two types of attitudes towards culture. One that considers culture as a concept that includes refining and elevating element, each society's reservoir of best that has been known and thought. The other is the aggressive, protectionist attitude viewing culture as a source of identity that differentiates between 'us' and 'them', and power with which we can combat the influences of the foreign cultures. 
(ix) What is imperialism?
Ans. Imperialism is a type of advocacy of Empire. It is a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means. Edward Said uses the term more broadly to describe any system of domination and subordination organized with an imperial center and periphery. 
(x) What damages has imperialism caused in the past?
Ans. Imperialism has resulted the mixture of cultures and identities on a world scale. For centuries the foreign imperialists have behaved in the underdeveloped world like nothing more than criminals. U.S. military intervention in the Third World has occurred every year between 1945 and 1967.
(xi) What is the relationship between culture and imperialism of the West?
Ans. The relationship between culture and imperialism of the West is direct and dynamic.  The culture is not free from prejudices; it is also not objective and neutral. The vocabulary of classic 19th century imperial culture - "inferior", "subject races", "subordinate peoples", "dependency", and "authority" - recurred and repeated in the great writings of British and French - is a part of the story of relationship between culture and imperialism. 
(xii) What does Edward Said mean by civilization?
Ans. Civilization means the betterment of ways of living, making Nature bend to fulfill the needs of humankind. It also includes organizing societies into politically well-defined groups working collectively for improved conditions of life in matter of food, dress, communication, and so on. 
(xiii) What is colonialism?
Ans. Colonialism is the establishment of a colony in one territory by a political power from another territory, and the subsequent maintenance, expansion, and exploitation of that colony. 
(xiv) What is post colonialism?
Ans. Post-colonialism is an academic discipline featuring methods of intellectual discourse that analyze, explain, and respond to the cultural legacies of colonialism and imperialism. Post-colonialism in literature includes the study of theory and literature as it relates to the colonizer-colonized experience. 
(xv) What are literary illusions?
Ans. A literary illusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers. For example, "Don't act like a Romeo in front of her." - "Romeo" is a reference to Shakespeare's Romeo, a passionate lover of Juliet, in "Romeo and Juliet."

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